Iron Overload vs. Deficiency: Finding the Balance

The Risks of Excess Cellular Iron

While iron is essential, the human body lacks a dedicated pathway to excrete it. Excess iron is stored in tissues where it can generate harmful free radicals via the Fenton reaction. This oxidative stress can damage cell DNA and membranes, potentially leading to tissue damage in the liver, heart, and pancreas.

Understanding Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Hereditary Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption of dietary iron. The mutation suppresses hepcidin, the hormone that regulates iron balance, allowing iron to accumulate unchecked. Genetic screening and monitoring ferritin levels help manage this condition early.

Clinical Markers of Excess Iron

Verifying iron overload requires measuring serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Ferritin levels consistently above 300 ng/mL in men or 200 ng/mL in women require medical evaluation. Standard treatments like therapeutic phlebotomy help safely reduce excess iron stores.

Dietary Strategies for Managing Overload

If managing iron overload, limit red meat and foods fortified with iron, and avoid raw shellfish due to bacterial risks linked to high iron. Avoid taking Vitamin C supplements with meals, and drink black or green tea with iron-containing foods to naturally reduce their absorption.